Zhu’s major premise is “to dismiss these popular conceptions about the hacker subculture, and provide backgroung for a greater understanding of the role hackers play in cyberspace and society at large.”(137) I believe Zhu used definitional, evaluational and ethical, and resemblance to dismiss the conceptions of Hackers.

To establish the foundation of this argument, Zhu uses definitional argument to give the audience background information on Hackers. He provides information on how hackers began to be, what type of people they are and the motives they have in order to hack. “The term hackers first came into usage in the ate 1960s and the early 1970s in the Artificial Inteligence lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As in 2001 TV documentary Hackers: Computer Outlaws on the The Learning Channel pointed out, the term was an honorable title for the teenage lab workers back then, and it originated when MIT students created hacks–programing shortcuts–so they could execute programs on a mainframe with greater speed.”(137)

To break the conceptions of Hackers he used evaluational and ethical arguments to prove that Hackers are good people. ” The importance and benefits Hackers have contributed to the United States and the world became more apparent after the attack on the World Trade Center.”(143) Writing about how helpful Hackers really are, may convince the audience Hackers are good and resourceful people.